Small Estate Affidavit: Skip Probate (Free Template)
Direct Answer
A small estate affidavit is a sworn document that transfers a deceased person's property to the heirs without opening formal probate, available when the estate's value falls under the state's statutory threshold and the waiting period from the date of death has elapsed. The full small estate affidavit template below is attorney-drafted, paired with state-by-state thresholds, and structured to file with the probate division or present to the asset holder directly.
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Eight states, statutes inside
Small Estate Affidavit Template (Attorney-Drafted)
The model affidavit below is the universal anatomy that every state version follows: caption, identification of the decedent, identification of the affiant, eligibility statement, schedule of heirs, schedule of property, and the jurat. Each section is paired with a drafting note. For state-issued forms (California Form 13100, Texas Estates Code Chapter 205, Illinois Form ILSEA, Florida Form P-5.0260) check the state-specific section further down the page; the structure is the same, the boilerplate language varies.
STATE OF [STATE] )
) ss.
COUNTY OF [COUNTY] )
SMALL ESTATE AFFIDAVIT
(For Collection of Personal Property
of Decedent Without Probate)
BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, on this day personally
appeared [Affiant Full Legal Name] (the "Affiant"), who, being by
me first duly sworn upon oath, deposed and stated as follows:
1. DECEDENT. [Decedent Full Legal Name] (the "Decedent") died
on [Date of Death] at [City, State of Death]. The Decedent
was at the time of death a resident of [County, State of
Residence], and the Decedent's mailing address at death
was [Address, City, State, ZIP]. A certified copy of the
Decedent's death certificate is attached hereto as
Exhibit A and incorporated by reference.
2. AFFIANT AND CAPACITY. Affiant's full legal name is
[Affiant Full Legal Name]. Affiant resides at [Affiant
Street Address, City, State, ZIP]. Affiant is [Affiant's
relationship to the Decedent, e.g., surviving spouse, adult
child, parent, sibling, or named distributee under the
Decedent's Last Will and Testament dated _______________].
Affiant is a person entitled to the Decedent's property
described herein under (a) the laws of intestate succession
of the State of [Controlling State] OR (b) the Decedent's
Last Will and Testament admitted to or eligible for
admission to probate, a true and correct copy of which is
attached as Exhibit B (delete (a) or (b) as applicable).
3. STATUTORY ELIGIBILITY. The Decedent's estate qualifies for
collection by small estate affidavit under [cite controlling
statute, e.g., Cal. Probate Code Sections 13100-13117; Tex.
Estates Code Chapter 205; 755 ILCS 5/25-1; Fla. Stat.
Chapter 735; Ind. Code Section 29-1-8-1; Wash. Rev. Code
Section 11.62.010; Va. Code Section 64.2-601; Mo. Rev.
Stat. Section 473.097]. Affiant affirms each of the
following under penalty of perjury:
(a) At least [State Waiting Period, e.g., 40 days for
California, 30 days for Texas and Missouri, 45 days
for Indiana, 60 days for Virginia] have elapsed since
the Decedent's date of death.
(b) No proceeding is now being or has been conducted in
any jurisdiction for administration of the Decedent's
estate, and no application or petition for the
appointment of a personal representative is pending or
has been granted in any jurisdiction.
(c) The current gross fair market value of all of the
Decedent's property subject to administration in the
State of [Controlling State], wherever located,
excluding the property described in [the controlling
exclusion subsection, e.g., Cal. Probate Code Section
13050], does not exceed $[State Threshold].
(d) All known unsecured debts of the Decedent, including
funeral and last-illness expenses, will be paid from
the property collected by Affiant under this
Affidavit before any distribution is made to other
successors.
(e) No other person has a right superior to that of the
Affiant to the Decedent's property described in
Paragraph 5 below.
(f) If there are other persons entitled to the Decedent's
property described herein, each such person has either
(i) consented in writing to Affiant's collection of
the property on their behalf (such consents are
attached as Exhibit C) or (ii) has been given written
notice of this Affidavit and the proposed distribution
not less than ten (10) days before this Affidavit is
presented for collection.
(g) Affiant has made a diligent and good-faith inquiry
into the existence of any other property, debts,
heirs, devisees, and creditors of the Decedent and
has disclosed all such matters in this Affidavit.
(h) Affiant is acting on behalf of all persons entitled
to the Decedent's property and will distribute the
property collected hereunder to those persons in the
shares to which they are entitled by law or by the
Decedent's Will.
(i) Affiant understands and agrees that any holder of the
Decedent's property who pays, delivers, transfers, or
issues the property to Affiant in good-faith reliance
on this Affidavit is, to the fullest extent permitted
by law, released and discharged from all further
liability with respect to the property so delivered.
4. HEIRS AND DISTRIBUTEES. The persons entitled to receive
the Decedent's property described in Paragraph 5, their
respective addresses, their relationships to the Decedent,
and their respective shares, are as follows:
Name: [Full Legal Name]
Address: [Street, City, State, ZIP]
Relationship: [Relationship to Decedent]
Share: [Fractional share or specific bequest]
Name: [Full Legal Name]
Address: [Street, City, State, ZIP]
Relationship: [Relationship to Decedent]
Share: [Fractional share or specific bequest]
[Repeat for each heir, devisee, or distributee. Attach
additional pages as Exhibit D if necessary.]
5. PROPERTY SUBJECT TO COLLECTION. The personal property of
the Decedent that Affiant requests be paid, delivered,
transferred, or issued to Affiant under this Affidavit is
identified as follows. Each item shall be released by the
named holder to Affiant upon presentation of this
Affidavit and Affiant's photo identification:
(a) BANK AND CREDIT-UNION ACCOUNTS:
Holder: [Bank Name and Branch]
Account No.: [Last four digits]
Account Type: [Checking / Savings / Money Market]
Balance: $[Approximate balance at date of death]
(b) BROKERAGE, SECURITIES, AND RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS:
Holder: [Brokerage / Plan Sponsor]
Account No.: [Last four digits]
Holdings: [Cash, equities, mutual funds, IRA, 401k]
Value: $[Approximate value at date of death]
(c) WAGES, SALARY, COMMISSIONS, AND FINAL PAY:
Employer: [Employer Name]
Amount: $[Final wages owed]
(d) VEHICLES (cars, trucks, motorcycles, boats, RVs):
Year/Make/Model: [Year, Make, Model]
VIN: [Full Vehicle Identification Number]
Title No.: [State Title Number]
Value: $[Fair market value]
(e) TANGIBLE PERSONAL PROPERTY:
Description: [Furnishings, jewelry, collections,
firearms, household goods]
Value: $[Aggregate fair market value]
(f) REFUNDS, RECEIVABLES, AND OTHER INTANGIBLES:
Description: [Insurance refunds, security deposits,
tax refunds, accounts receivable]
Value: $[Approximate value]
TOTAL FAIR MARKET VALUE OF PROPERTY: $[Total]
6. REAL PROPERTY (delete this paragraph entirely if the
controlling statute does not authorize the collection of
real property by small estate affidavit; California uses a
separate Probate Code Section 13200 affidavit for real
property worth $61,500 or less; Texas uses a separate
affidavit of heirship for non-homestead realty under
Estates Code Chapter 203; many states permit no
real-property collection by SEA at all):
Legal Description: [Legal description from the
recorded deed]
County and State of Record: [County, State]
Recording Information: [Book/Page or Instrument No.]
Estimated Fair Market Value: $[Value]
7. KNOWN DEBTS AND PRIORITY CLAIMS. The following are all of
the Decedent's known debts, in the order of statutory
priority, that Affiant will pay from the property
collected hereunder before any distribution to successors:
(a) Funeral and burial expenses: $[___]
(b) Last-illness medical and hospital expenses: $[___]
(c) Federal and state taxes due: $[___]
(d) Secured debts on collected property: $[___]
(e) Other unsecured debts (list and amount): $[___]
TOTAL KNOWN DEBTS: $[___]
8. DEMAND AND DELIVERY. Affiant requests that each holder
identified in Paragraph 5 pay, deliver, transfer, or issue
the property described to Affiant immediately upon
presentation of this Affidavit, together with a certified
copy of the Decedent's death certificate (Exhibit A) and
Affiant's photo identification. Each such holder is
directed to a copy of the controlling statute cited in
Paragraph 3 and is reminded of the holder's statutory
obligation to release the property without further legal
process and the holder's statutory discharge from further
liability for doing so.
FURTHER AFFIANT SAYETH NAUGHT.
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State
of [Controlling State] that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on this _____ day of _______________, 20____, at
[City, State of Execution].
_______________________________________
[Affiant Full Legal Name], Affiant
================================================================================
NOTARY ACKNOWLEDGMENT
(JURAT FORM)
================================================================================
STATE OF [STATE] )
) ss.
COUNTY OF [COUNTY] )
Subscribed and sworn to (or affirmed) before me on this _____
day of _______________, 20____, by [Affiant Full Legal Name],
proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the
person who appeared before me and who, having been duly sworn,
acknowledged that he or she executed the foregoing Affidavit for
the purposes therein stated.
_______________________________________
Notary Public, State of [State]
Printed Name: _________________________
Commission No.: _______________________
My Commission Expires: ________________
[NOTARY SEAL / STAMP]
================================================================================
ALTERNATIVE: 28 U.S.C. SECTION 1746
UNSWORN DECLARATION
(Use in lieu of notary jurat for federal cross-
state collection from holders that accept the
federal unsworn-declaration form)
================================================================================
I declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the
United States of America that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on _______________, 20____, at [City, State].
_______________________________________
[Affiant Full Legal Name], Declarant
================================================================================
TEXAS-PATTERN WITNESS BLOCK
(Required by Tex. Estates Code Section 205.002
only when filing under Chapter 205. Delete
this block in all other states.)
================================================================================
The undersigned, being two disinterested witnesses, neither of
whom is named as an heir or distributee herein and neither of
whom claims any interest in the Decedent's estate, hereby state
under oath that we have read the foregoing Small Estate Affidavit
and to the best of our knowledge and belief the statements
contained therein concerning the family history, marital history,
and identity of the Decedent's heirs are true and correct.
_______________________________________
Disinterested Witness 1, Printed Name and Signature
Address: ______________________________
_______________________________________
Disinterested Witness 2, Printed Name and Signature
Address: ______________________________
Subscribed and sworn to before me by both of the above-named
disinterested witnesses on this _____ day of _______________,
20____.
_______________________________________
Notary Public, State of [State]
[NOTARY SEAL / STAMP]
================================================================================
REQUIRED ATTACHMENTS
================================================================================
Exhibit A: Certified copy of the Decedent's death certificate
Exhibit B: Original or certified copy of the Decedent's Last
Will and Testament (if any)
Exhibit C: Written consents of any other entitled successors
(if applicable)
Exhibit D: Continuation pages for the heir / distributee
schedule (if needed)
Exhibit E: Inventory and appraisal of personal property with
supporting valuations
Exhibit F: Receipts evidencing payment of funeral expenses
Exhibit G: Photocopy of the Affiant's government-issued photo
identification
How to File a Small Estate Affidavit
Five steps from confirming eligibility to distributing the property. The two failure points to watch are the eligibility check (estates that do not qualify get kicked back) and the property schedule (omitted assets cannot be collected on the same affidavit).
- 1
Confirm the estate qualifies
Check the state threshold (most are $50,000 to $200,000), verify the waiting period from the date of death has elapsed (30 to 90 days in most states), and confirm no probate is pending. If any check fails, formal probate is the route, not the affidavit.
- 2
Fill in the template below
Replace each bracketed placeholder with the case-specific facts: decedent's name, date of death, residence at death, full list of heirs and their addresses, full schedule of property with values. Be exhaustive on the property schedule; omitted assets cannot be collected on the same affidavit.
- 3
Sign before a notary public
Do not pre-sign. The notary verifies identification, administers the oath, watches the affiant sign, completes the jurat, and stamps the seal. Without a properly executed jurat, the document is not an affidavit.
- 4
File with the court (or present to the holder)
Most states require filing with the probate division of the county court where the decedent resided. California Probate Code Section 13100 affidavits for personal property are presented directly to the holder (bank, transfer agent) without court filing. Match the procedure to the state.
- 5
Distribute property and keep the records
Once the court issues the order (or the holder accepts the Section 13100 affidavit), the affiant collects and distributes the property per the schedule. Keep the notarized affidavit, the court order, and a written distribution log. Heirs and creditors can challenge the distribution for the duration of the state's claims period.
What a Small Estate Affidavit Does (and What It Does Not)
A small estate affidavit is a statutory shortcut that substitutes for formal probate in qualifying cases. The affiant (an heir, surviving spouse, or named distributee) signs a sworn statement listing the decedent, the heirs, and the property; the document authorizes either the court to issue a collection order or the asset holder (bank, transfer agent, employer) to release the property without a formal court appointment. The procedure exists because a full probate proceeding for a small estate would cost more in court fees and delay than the underlying assets are worth.
The trade-off is scope. A small estate affidavit collects and distributes the listed property; it does not appoint a personal representative, does not give the affiant authority to litigate on behalf of the estate, does not provide creditor cut-off the way formal probate does in most states, and does not close out tax liability. For estates with creditor disputes, contested heirs, real property in multiple counties, or assets that need to be managed over time, formal probate or a will-substitute such as a fully executed last will with a self-proving affidavit attached is the better instrument.
The small estate affidavit is procedurally distinct from two adjacent documents that often get confused with it. An affidavit of heirship identifies the legal heirs of a person who died without a will, used primarily to clear title to real property outside of probate; it does not transfer the property itself, only documents the chain of inheritance. An affidavit of domicile is what transfer agents demand when releasing securities from a brokerage account; it confirms the decedent's state of residence at death so the agent applies the right state's succession rules. The small estate affidavit is the actual collection-and-distribution instrument; the other two are evidentiary supports.
Most states modeled their small estate procedures on the Uniform Probate Code (UPC) Article III, Part 12, but the local thresholds, waiting periods, and required attachments vary. A California Probate Code Section 13100 affidavit for personal property does not get filed with the court at all; the affiant presents it to the bank or transfer agent and the holder is statutorily required to release the property. A Texas Estates Code Chapter 205 affidavit gets filed with the county probate court and requires the court's order before the affiant can collect. Illinois under 755 ILCS 5/25-1 follows the California pattern (no court filing). The state-by-state table in the next section lists the eight most-filed jurisdictions with their controlling statutes.
State Limits, Waiting Periods, and Controlling Statutes
The eight most-filed jurisdictions and their statutory thresholds. The threshold figure is the maximum estate value that qualifies for the small estate procedure; the waiting period is the minimum time from the date of death before the affidavit can be filed or presented. Statute citations point to the exact section to cite in Paragraph 3 of the template above.
| State | Threshold | Waiting Period | Controlling Statute |
|---|---|---|---|
| California | $184,500 (personal property), $61,500 (real property) | 40 days from date of death | Cal. Probate Code §§ 13100, 13150, 13200 |
| Texas | $75,000 (excluding homestead and exempt property) | 30 days from date of death | Tex. Estates Code Chapter 205 |
| Illinois | $100,000 (no real property in the estate) | No waiting period; no probate pending | 755 ILCS 5/25-1 |
| Florida | $75,000 (summary administration) OR decedent dead more than 2 years | None for summary administration | Fla. Stat. Chapter 735 |
| Indiana | $100,000 (gross estate) | 45 days from date of death | Ind. Code § 29-1-8-1 |
| Washington | $100,000 (personal property only) | 40 days from date of death | Wash. Rev. Code § 11.62.010 |
| Virginia | $50,000 (personal property only) | 60 days from date of death | Va. Code § 64.2-601 |
| Missouri | $40,000 (after debts and exempt property) | 30 days from date of death | Mo. Rev. Stat. § 473.097 |
Thresholds change. Verify before filing.
State legislatures adjust small estate thresholds periodically (California raised the personal-property ceiling from $166,250 to $184,500 effective 2022; several other states have pending bills). Pull the current statute text from the state legislature website before drafting, or send the matter through /get-a-quote for a current-statute attorney review.
California and Texas Court Rules
California and Texas account for the majority of small estate affidavit filings nationally. The two states use different procedures, different forms, and different filing routes. Below are the drafting and filing specifics for each.
California
- Probate Code Section 13100 (personal property up to $184,500): no court filing. The affiant presents the notarized affidavit directly to the bank or transfer agent.
- Probate Code Section 13200 (real property up to $61,500): file the affidavit with the superior court of the county where the real property is located.
- Probate Code Section 13150 (succession to real property up to $184,500): requires a court petition, not an affidavit.
- 40-day waiting period from the date of death before the affidavit can be presented. Pre-presentment invalidates the statutory release obligation on the holder.
- Required attachments: certified copy of the death certificate, an inventory and appraisal of real property (if real property is included), and the affiant's photo identification.
Texas
- Estates Code Chapter 205: estate of $75,000 or less (excluding homestead and exempt property), decedent died intestate, no probate pending. Filed with the county probate court (or statutory probate court in Bexar, Dallas, Harris, Tarrant, and Travis counties).
- 30-day waiting period from the date of death before filing.
- Two disinterested witnesses must sign the affidavit attesting to the family history and the heirs (in addition to the affiant). The witnesses cannot themselves be heirs.
- Court order required. The court reviews the affidavit, may set a hearing, and issues an order approving (or denying) the collection. The certified order is what the affiant presents to the asset holder.
- Real property limitation: real property other than the homestead is generally NOT transferable by Chapter 205 affidavit; use an affidavit of heirship under Estates Code Chapter 203 to clear title for real property.
Frequently Asked Questions
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What happens after you file a small estate affidavit in Oregon?
What is considered a small estate in FL?
Do I need probate if the estate is small?
Want an Attorney to Draft and File the Affidavit For You?
Send the decedent's state, the date of death, and a quick asset summary. The quote request returns the right statute, the right form for the state, the eligibility confirmation, and an attorney to draft and file the affidavit before the heirs lose collection time.